Effects of public improvement planning to urbanization; an evaluation of bayburt and ankara examples

Urbanization is one of the distinguishing characteristics and the greatest social events of the century we live. All developed, developing, capitalist and socialist countries have faced with the effects of urbanization and its consequences. The spatial structure and functions of cities have changed to a great extent with the social, economic and technological changes. This change is shaped by the flow of the industrialization-urbanization process. Within this framework, industrialization which makes cities attractive has gone before urbanization. However, industrialization followed urbanization from behind in our country. For this reason, our urbanization is called fake, unhealthy and excessive. The purpose of this study is to reveal the effects of urban development legislation and practices on the urbanization process in our country by examining two cities in different scales and locations. For this purpose, the applications in the city of Ankara, the capital city of the country and the first zoning implementations performed to be a model in the country, were examined first. Secondly, zoning implementations in Bayburt, where has been continuously out-migrating up to recent years and have many limitations both geographically and economically, were examined. These implementations were obtained through the literature search and local resources in this regard. Moreover, opinions of the practitioners (planners and public personnel) and the urbanists benefiting from the practice were taken in the evaluations for implementation. According to data given in the study, urban planning, a process that contains economic and social changes in itself, and political dimensions are dominant, has been generally considered as physical planning in our country. Therefore, development plans have been far from public participation and just a product of technocrats and local politicians, and could not achieve to use urban resources for the benefit of the society. As a natural consequence, the created physical environment could not be integrated with the social environment, and the economic and social development, and urbanization of the city have not been fully achieved in parallel with the increase in population.