Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Cornelian Cherry (Cornus mas L.) Using Microwave and Ohmic Heating Assisted Microwave Methods

In this study, it was aimed to extract bioactive compounds (phenolics and anthocyanins) from cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) using microwave (ME) and ohmic heating assisted microwave extraction (OH-ME) as an alternative to maceration (M). Total phenolic compound (TPC), total monomeric anthocyanin content (TMAC), antioxidant activity (AA), water-soluble solid matter (WSSM), color values, and pH of the extracts were determined. The effect of extraction time, solid to solvent ratio, microwave power, electrical field strength, and holding time during ohmic heating on extraction characteristics was investigated for different methods. Ohmic heating application prior to extraction has enhanced the TPC yield by 1.1 and 5.4-folds compared to that of ME and M, respectively. Moreover, the extraction time was decreased by approximately 42 and 95% as regards ME and M, respectively. The highest TMAC value (0.65 mg cya-3-glu/g dry matter) was observed with OH-ME. The experimental data obtained by ME and OH-ME methods was fitted to the Peleg model to describe the TPC yields. These results indicate that the combined application of ohmic heating and microwave extraction is a potential alternative method for total phenolic compounds extraction from cornelian cherry due to increased yields and reduced extraction times.