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- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1Optimization of surface modification parameters of calcium carbonate in the rotary-vibration mill with a fuzzy-based taguchi experimental method
Özdemir, Akın; Uçurum, Metin
Ultra-fine calcium carbonate (UCC) is used as a filler material in polymers, and after a surface modification (coating) process, its surface changes from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. However, conventional coating techniques such as raymond and pin mills are widely used in the industry; there is still a need for new, inexpensive, and practical methods. Mechanochemical technologies are considered one of the most effective alternatives. The rotary-vibration mill (RVM) works mechanically and is characterized by low investment and operating costs. There are three main contributions in this paper. First, a fuzzy-based Taguchi experimental design is proposed to analyze a fuzzy response under uncertainty. Second, the surface modification of UCC with stearic acid was carried out using RMV, with five modification parameters and an active ratio fuzzy response. Moreover, the results indicate that RVMs are an alternative mechanochemical surface modification technology for preparing coated calcium carbonate (CCC). Finally, particle size distribution (PSD), contact angle, XRD (X-Ray Diffraction Analysis), TGA-DTA (Thermogravimetric Analysis-Differential Thermal Analysis), FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer), and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) analyses were conducted for the coated calcium carbonate (CCC) acquired from the optimum conditions of the modification study.
- MakaleYalnız künye2025Scopus SJRQ1Optimization of surface modification parameters of fly ash with high calcium oxide (CaO) content to use as a filling material
Uçurum, Metin; Özdemir, Akın; Teke, Çağatay
Fly ash (FA) is the fine-grained waste product obtained by burning coal after being ground to specific sizes in thermal power plants, carried with flue gases, and kept in cyclones or electro-filters. Like every industrial waste, the possibilities of utilizing FA have been investigated, and it can be utilized as an additive in cement and concrete. Despite this, industrial waste, which increases daily in the world, brings many problems, especially environmental problems. For this reason, alternative usage areas of the waste in question are constantly being investigated. In this paper, FA containing approximately 50 % CaO from Afşin-Elbistan, Turkiye was processed with stearic acid in a planetary mill to be used as a filling material in industrial products, and it has a grain size of 68.10 μm on a d50 basis, a specific surface area (SSA) of 176.40 m2/g and a contact angle of 13.89. An optimization and characterization study was conducted to make the hydrophilic surface structure hydrophobic by mechanochemical surface modification. Also, surface modification parameters, such as operational speed (rpm), ball filling ratio (%), FA filling ratio (%), pulp density, stearic acid dosage (% of FA), and modification time (min.) were optimized with the D-optimal experimental design. Based on the optimum surface modification parameters, a coated fly ash (CFA) product was obtained with an active ratio of 99.70 %, a contact angle of 95.06o, a medium size (d50) size of 10.60 μm, and an SSA of 926.90 m2/g.
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İncele - MakaleYayıncıda açık erişim2024Scopus SJRQ1Wet mechanochemical surface modification of calcite employing an integration of conventional design and analytical hierarchy process
Uçurum, Metin; Özdemir, Akın
The demand for ultra-fine mineral powders from various industries requires the applications of wet grinding and surface modification. In this study, wet mechanochemical surface modification of micronized calcite (d50 = 4.92 μm) with stearic acid [CH3(CH2)16COOH] was carried out in a planetary ball mill. The seven parameters were specified: ball filling ratio (%), ball size distribution ratio (10 and 15 mm, %), micronized calcite filling ratio (%), pulp solid ratio (wt%), mill speed (rpm), stearic acid dosage (% of micronized calcite) and modification time (min). Then, these parameters were optimized using a conventional experimental design when maximizing the active ratio (%) as a significant value for coated calcite. Besides, the analytical hierarchy process was applied to observe the importance of each parameter. Stearic acid dosage, mill speed, and micronized calcite filling ratio are the top three parameters affecting the active ratio. Next, size distribution, XRF, XRD, SEM, FTIR, TGA-DTA, contact angle, and whiteness measurements were performed on the micronized calcite (MC) and coated micronized calcite (CMC) samples. The final CMC product had a 99.90% active ratio, 2.49 μm mean (d50) particle size, and 101.66o contact angle. Finally, CMC obtained by the surface modification can be used as a filler mineral.
AtıfScopus6WoS4OpenAlex7İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2024Scopus SJRQ1Optimization of mechanochemical surface modification parameters on planetary mill using an I-optimal experimental design
Özdemir, Akın; Uçurum, Metin
Several micro-particle-size additives and filler minerals are added to many industrial products, especially plastic, in order to reduce cost and improve mechanical properties and appearance. Also, grinding and surface modification are two fundamental properties of the filler minerals used in plastic products. Notably, Bayburt stone (BS) used as a natural raw material from Bayburt, Türkiye contains 76% SiO2 and 15% Al2O3. In this paper, the hydrophilic surface structure of micronized Bayburt stone (MBS) was made hydrophobe by mechanochemical surface modification using calcium stearate [Ca(C17H35COO)2] in a laboratory-type planetary mill. Next, the optimum conditions of the surface modification design factors, which are (1) ball filling ratio = 30.53%, (2) powder filling ratio = 10.43%, (3) mill speed = 475.91 rpm, (4) chemical dosage = 1.99% of powder, and (5) modification time = 4.83 min., were obtained using the proposed I-optimal design-focused optimization model when predicting the model parameters. In addition, a coated micronized Bayburt stone (CMBS) product with an active ratio (AR) of 99.90% and d10, d50, and d90 values of 1.32 μm, 3.48 μm and 9.55 μm were achieved. Finally, particle size distribution (PSD), thermo-gravimetric and differential thermal analyzer (TG-DTA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), electron dispersive spectrum (EDS), and contact angle analyses were performed on the CMBS product.
AtıfScopus5WoS6OpenAlex6İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2018Scopus SJRQ2Changes of surface properties of calcite particles with calcium stearate using conventional experimental design and properties of coated calcite
Ucurum, Metin; Bayram, Ozkan; Toraman, O. Yusuf; Kilic, Habibe; Yalcin, Seyma
Calcite is utilized as a filler mineral in the industries such as plastics, rubber, and paint, to gain products with a variety of features. In order to use a calcite ore as a filler, some specific physical and physico-chemical properties are required such as ultra-fine sizes and conversion of hydrophilic to hydrophobic structure. In the present study, for these purposes, surfaces of the ultra-fine calcite powder (d50=2.94 μm) were coated by a mechano-chemical process with calcium stearate [Ca(C17H35COO)2] in a stirred ball mill. The influence of operating parameters such as calcite filling-ratio, ball-filling ratio, operation speed, grinding time and chemical dosage on the active ratio (%) was systematically examined. Then, the properties of modified calcite product were measured and evaluated by contact angle, TGA, DTA, FTIR, and SEM. The results showed that the mechano-chemical technology is very effective for modifying the surface of micronized calcite products using calcium stearate chemical.
AtıfScopus20WoS18İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2016Scopus SJRQ2Applicability of statistical process control for surface modification plant and properties of coated calcite
Ucurum, Metin; Malgir, Eda; Deligezen, Hamdi; Karaer, Necmettin; Avsar, Mustafa
Due to its low surface energy, easy dispersion, high homogeneity and whiteness, coated (modified) calcite has increasingly been used in many industries, particularly in the plastics. The demand for this product will most likely increase in the years to come. Surface modification of calcite with a fatty acid would lead to a great expansion of industrial applications. The color values of coated calcite products are the first quality parameter. Therefore, it is very important to monitor the variations in the color characteristics of the coated calcite products. It is well known that statistical process control (SPC) techniques have been widely used in the many industries. In the present study, the surface of micronized calcite was coated with stearic acid by a pin mill. X-R control graphics and process capability index were applied for monitoring variations in quality control based on color parameters (L*,a*and b*) for the pin mill plant. In addition, active ratio, particle size distribution, whiteness parameters, BET, FTIR, TGA-DTA and SEM were then determined on a coated calcite sample. The results show that the pin mill plant seems under control and the coating technology is very effective in modifying the surface of micronized calcite.products.
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