Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
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- MakaleYalnız künye2025Scopus SJRQ1Optimization of surface modification parameters of fly ash with high calcium oxide (CaO) content to use as a filling material
Uçurum, Metin; Özdemir, Akın; Teke, Çağatay
Fly ash (FA) is the fine-grained waste product obtained by burning coal after being ground to specific sizes in thermal power plants, carried with flue gases, and kept in cyclones or electro-filters. Like every industrial waste, the possibilities of utilizing FA have been investigated, and it can be utilized as an additive in cement and concrete. Despite this, industrial waste, which increases daily in the world, brings many problems, especially environmental problems. For this reason, alternative usage areas of the waste in question are constantly being investigated. In this paper, FA containing approximately 50 % CaO from Afşin-Elbistan, Turkiye was processed with stearic acid in a planetary mill to be used as a filling material in industrial products, and it has a grain size of 68.10 μm on a d50 basis, a specific surface area (SSA) of 176.40 m2/g and a contact angle of 13.89. An optimization and characterization study was conducted to make the hydrophilic surface structure hydrophobic by mechanochemical surface modification. Also, surface modification parameters, such as operational speed (rpm), ball filling ratio (%), FA filling ratio (%), pulp density, stearic acid dosage (% of FA), and modification time (min.) were optimized with the D-optimal experimental design. Based on the optimum surface modification parameters, a coated fly ash (CFA) product was obtained with an active ratio of 99.70 %, a contact angle of 95.06o, a medium size (d50) size of 10.60 μm, and an SSA of 926.90 m2/g.
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İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2024Scopus SJRQ1Optimization of mechanochemical surface modification parameters on planetary mill using an I-optimal experimental design
Özdemir, Akın; Uçurum, Metin
Several micro-particle-size additives and filler minerals are added to many industrial products, especially plastic, in order to reduce cost and improve mechanical properties and appearance. Also, grinding and surface modification are two fundamental properties of the filler minerals used in plastic products. Notably, Bayburt stone (BS) used as a natural raw material from Bayburt, Türkiye contains 76% SiO2 and 15% Al2O3. In this paper, the hydrophilic surface structure of micronized Bayburt stone (MBS) was made hydrophobe by mechanochemical surface modification using calcium stearate [Ca(C17H35COO)2] in a laboratory-type planetary mill. Next, the optimum conditions of the surface modification design factors, which are (1) ball filling ratio = 30.53%, (2) powder filling ratio = 10.43%, (3) mill speed = 475.91 rpm, (4) chemical dosage = 1.99% of powder, and (5) modification time = 4.83 min., were obtained using the proposed I-optimal design-focused optimization model when predicting the model parameters. In addition, a coated micronized Bayburt stone (CMBS) product with an active ratio (AR) of 99.90% and d10, d50, and d90 values of 1.32 μm, 3.48 μm and 9.55 μm were achieved. Finally, particle size distribution (PSD), thermo-gravimetric and differential thermal analyzer (TG-DTA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), electron dispersive spectrum (EDS), and contact angle analyses were performed on the CMBS product.
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