Bulut, Mesut

The wars broke out after the Balkan War and immediately after it left deep scars in the memory of Turkish nation. These war years when thousands of Muslim Turkish people were slaughtered were called “disaster years” and they were printed in history as disgrace because these conflict years were full of real life stories which were painful and miserable. For example, cross was drawn on their foreheads without considering whether they are children or not, religious men were hanged from their turbans, and innocent girls were dragged along and exposed to any kind of cruelty. During this period, such disadvantages as an enormous empire and her remaining balance facing extinction due to the conspiracies of European states and emergence of treachery from everywhere caused sorrow and despair on Muslim Turkish nation and therefore, various movements of ideas were introduced; however, they did not yield results and anywhere in the motherland was occupied and tyrannized. In such an atmosphere, many patriotic intellectuals and writers who chose ideology of Turkish nationalism as their motto made an effort to bring educational aspect of language and literature into the forefront. For that purpose, they performed tasks to increase the motivation and morale of Turkish nation. Specifically, Young Pens (Genç Kalemler) which was begun in the city of Thessalonica in 1911 by the three writers who were most representative of the movement: Ziya Gökalp , Ömer Seyfettin, and Ali Canip Yöntem, had many fans as a result of the Balkan wars and had a very important role for the Turkism to gain strength. With New Language Movement " (Turkish: "Yeni Lisan"), they pointed out that language must be simplified, the effects of foreign language and rules on Turkish must be removed and the differences between the oral language and the written language must be removed. Therefore, this language and literature movement aimed at unity and nationalization in language. In this period, many nationalistic intellectuals and writers such as Ömer Seyfettin, Ali Canip Yöntem, Ziya Gökalp and M. Fuad Köprülü used language and literature as a means of education to educate and raise the awareness of the society. Moreover, they were not indifferent to the conditions of the country; on the contrary, examples of patriotism were actively exhibited, and remedies were searched for the liberation of the Turkish nation. For that purpose, national sensitivity was mentioned extensively primarily in Tasvir-i Efkâr (Picture of Ideas) newspaper, such magazines as Türk Yurdu, Türk Ocağı and Türk Derneği and in the TurkishLiterature textbooks written for the courses which were going to be taught in schools belonging to Maarif Nezareti (Ministry of National Education) and it was the aim to wake up people from “dreaming” and to raise their awareness. In this sense, language and literature was used as a means with the pens of intellectuals and writers in the war of independence during the Balkan wars and afterwards. The aim of the study was to detect and evaluate for what purposes language and literature was used as educational means during the war atmosphere in the Balkan Wars and afterwards . For that purpose, the example texts in Turkish-Literature textbook called Millî Kıraat (Fifth Part) by M. Fuad Köprülü for the 8th grades in primary education and the 9th grades in secondary education in Ottoman Period were used. This study was carried out via document analysis, one of the qualitative research methods. The study shed light on the history, the attention was drawn on the roles and functions of literary texts in language and literature education and it aimed at making contributions to the future studies

İncele

Bulut, Mesut

Every society and nation has leaders who they value and respect. These leaders were engraved on the community's memory and they are unique people who sacrificed themselves for the sake of their country's and nation's welfare and happiness. Churchill for England, Washington for the USA, Napoleon for France, Gandhi for India are considered as important leaders for their nation and historical personage. Ataturk's position and historical personage are very different for Turkish nation and oppressed nations. Ataturk is not a one dimensional leader. Ataturk, with his revolutions, founded a new nation and beyond being a historical personage, he is one of the rare leaders who had many qualities such as being a citizen, soldier and an intellectual. The life of Ataturk has become a subject of thousands of research not only in Turkey but also in many countries in the world and his life has been studied as a course. Language is the primary value which Ataturk placed emphasis on. Language can be defined as the common value and life philosophy of a nation. Language is undoubtedly the most important means to provide solidarity and unity in a country. A common language spoken by the individuals who constitute the nation is the most important element which makes a nation. Language, the most important indicator of national conscience, is the symbol of bearing the trace of a nation which an individual belongs to. For a nation to evoke the sense of existence socially there is a bond between the way of thinking and feelings, history, language, and culture. At this point, because Ataturk especially believed that the foundations of the new Republic would be actualized by establishing an understanding of national language, he initially preferred to solve the problems of Turkish, an educational and official language. For that purpose, he actualized Language Reform, and he placed emphasis on simplification /nativisation of Turkish. Turkish Language Association was founded for that purpose and Ataturk wanted these problems to be solved. This study aimed at exploring the nativisation/ simplification studies carried out for Turkish from Republic period to today by means of presenting Ataturk's point of view and evaluations were made about the studies which were carried out for the purpose of nativisation/ simplification of Turkish and its becoming a language of science and education and discussions on Turkish language such as liquidationism, fabrication, Ottoman Turkish, language fascism, pure Turkish (Turkish made up largely of words that are etymologically Turkish), and it also aimed at solutions were suggested on current problems of Turkish.

AtıfTR Dizin6

İncele

Bulut, Mesut

Grammar is the set of structural rules governing the composition of clauses, phrases, and words in any given natural language. The term refers also to the study of such rules, and this field includes morphology, syntax, and phonology, often complemented by phonetics, semantics, and pragmatics. Undoubtedly, language is the primary element that makes a society and a nation. The unity of language is crucial because it is the primary element that what makes a nation. Therefore, language education is a subject which every nation must lay emphasis on and pay attention to. It is an undeniable fact that as a nation there are some problems in the development of our language. Teaching grammar is the description and explanation process of grammar meaningfully within the framework of set of rules. Thus, instruction of grammar structures which compose the main structure of a language is a condition which must be approached delicately. It is a fact that while teaching Turkish grammar, contradictions in terms are experienced due to some problems. Because the course contents identified by Council of Higher Education (YÖK) and teachers and preservice teachers raised according to different academic perspectives encountered differences in the curriculum of Ministry of National Education (MEB), being in a dilemma, they are asked to forget a set of knowledge implementation…being exposed to such expressions as “Here is not a university ...” It is possible to evaluate such approaches encountered in teaching grammar as the first reflections of contradictions in terms. Of course, there will be different approaches to grammar, but if different approaches begin to threaten the unity of language, it becomes very important to approach this subject carefully. This study discussed the reflections of contradictions in terms in teaching Turkish grammar on language and the answer to the question what problems such contradictions in terms caused about the unity in language was sought. It was found in the study that contradictions in terms in teaching grammar triggered instability in language; therefore, it was concluded that all educators and linguistics should give some thought to this subject and seek ways to solve the problem. A set of evaluations were made about some contradiction based problems with this study and solutions were suggested for these problems

AtıfTR Dizin8

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Bulut, Mesut

In today’s information age, it is easier to have access to information but it is also difficult because individuals deal with many things at the same time with information technology. Therefore, the individual cannot focus on learning activity physiologically and psychologically. Undoubtedly, this condition has a negative effect on the individuals’ education-teaching. In this regard learning psychology is an important point with regard to student and teacher and it must be the subject of the studies. Therefore, education-teaching programs must be prepared and implemented in accordance with the necessities of the time. Turkish education program, its content, and teacher and student to implement this program gain importance. Language teaching has an important place among the education-teaching activities and individuals’ expressing themselves, having a reputable position, having a good career, adapting to the changing world order and promoting cultural transfer can be accomplished with a good language education and teaching. In this regard brain based language teaching and learning is an important topic which each nation or state takes very seriously. Education and teaching programs change continuously in the changing and globalising world. These changes are also felt in Turkish education because language is the most important factor which supports a society and a nation and maintains its existence. There are many problems about Turkish teaching, the language which we speak and write. The research was carried out with survey model. Various evaluations were made about Turkish education and Turkish teaching, various results were obtained, and some suggestions were made within the framework of brain-based learning approach in the research. The relation between the brain-based learning approach and Turkish teaching were taken into consideration during the solutions for the problems related to Turkish teaching. The aim of the study, which was carried out to examine the reflections of brain-based learning on Turkish with reference to Turkish education and Turkish teaching, is to make contributions to Turkish and the studies to be conducted about this topic

AtıfTR Dizin4

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Bulut, Mesut

Each society prepares education programs suitable to their needs in order to maintain its existence and implements them. The existence of a state and its continuity directly depends on educational policies. The main purpose of these education policies is to foster unity and solidarity. The individuals’ gaining national awareness or national conscience, thinking multi dimensionally, expressing themselves, in short, asserting their existence, can be actualized with only education. In this regard the content of the education programs are very important. Teaching individuals language and culture, raising awareness, teaching the written and verbal literary works which compose the language and tongue depend on their being internalised. In accordance with the general goals of Turkish national education in order to adopt the politeness and loveliness of the language and to satisfy the individuals socially and culturally the students should be educated in parallel with the Basic National Education Law numbered 1739, Article 2 of the Law which states “the main purpose of Turkish National Education is to raise all the individuals of Turkish nation as citizens who rely on Ataturk’s principles and revolution and Ataturk nationalism which is stated in the Constitution, adopt, preserve, and develop the national, moral, humanistic, spiritual, and cultural values of Turkish nation, love their family and motherland and nation and try to glorify them, know their duties and responsibilities for civil rights and Turkish Republic , a democratic, secular and social and constitutional state which rely on the basic principles stated at the beginning of the Constitution and also behave accordingly ”. Therefore, proverbs and idioms, one of the important education-instruction tools in Turkish society which enable the social and cultural values to be adopted by the individuals and important cultural components of our nation, play an important role in language teaching, culture acquisition and transfer as it is appropriate to the goals of education programs. Proverbs and idioms have important effects in terms of making the narration effective, expressing what is said clearly, easily, understandably and express them in writing. In this regard they are the most important indicators of richness of Turkish and Turkish culture. Proverbs and idioms are indispensable for language learning skills which are reading, writing and speaking in Turkish education. Literature search model is used in this study and the aim of the study is to examine the importance of the proverbs, which play an important role in Turkish education and instruction, on the birth of the cultural values, their existence and transfer to the young generation. Moreover, the study focuses on the deficiencies in teaching proverbs and idioms and it aims at making contributions to the studies which are going to be conducted by presenting the importance and functions of proverbs and idioms in Turkish teaching

AtıfTR Dizin32

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