Hasar, Ugur Cem; Kaya, Yunus

Calibration-independent nonresonant measurements can be employed to eliminate the need for calibration before microwave measurements. These methods generally assume that the location of the sample in its measurement cell is known after the sample is positioned or shifted within the cell and that the length of the measurement cell is known. In addition, in general these methods necessitate some sort of numerical analysis to retrieve the complex permittivity of the sample. In this research paper, we propose a calibration-independent nonresonant waveguide method to first eliminate measurement errors arising from inaccurate knowledge of the location of the sample within its cell (after shifting) and arising from improper knowledge of the length of the measurement cell and second to determine the complex permittivity explicitly. In addition, our proposed method needs scattering parameter measurements from three different measurement configurations – another improvement with respect to a similar calibration-independent method requiring measurements from four different configurations. Furthermore, it does not necessitate that the sample be flushed to the measurement cell. We analyzed repeatability of cell connection and investigated uncertainty in the measurement of complex permittivity for a change in length of the sample and the cell and when air gap present between sample surfaces and guide walls. We validated the proposed method by measuring the complex permittivity of polyethylene sample and distilled water at X-band (8.2–12.4 GHz).

AtıfScopus8·WoS8·OpenAlex8

İncele

Hasar, Ugur Cem; Barroso, Joaquim José; Bute, Musa; Kaya, Yunus; Kocadagistan, Mustafa Engin; Ertugrul, Mehmet

We propose a non-resonant-type method for reference-plane invariant and thickness-independent permittivity measurement of solid dielectric materials when there is no information from permittivity. To achieve this, we derive a branch-index-independent function and verify that it determines the sample thickness and permittivity without resorting to finding the correct branch index value for three different measurement scenarios: (a) measurements at closely separated frequencies of non-dispersive samples, (b) measurements at largely separated frequencies of non-dispersive samples, and (c) measurements at largely separated frequencies of dispersive samples. Via a differential uncertainty analysis, the effect of inaccurate sample thickness on permittivity determination is also presented for demonstration of the improvement achieved by our method. For validation, we measured the permittivity of an approximately 20 mm PTFE sample using the presented method and compared its result with those from other similar methods. From the comparison, we note that the accuracy of tested methods from literature drastically decreases when accurate information of sample thickness is not known (in addition to a further decrease in accuracy when correct transformation factors from reference-planes are not known a priori), while the accuracy of our method is not influenced.

AtıfScopus25·WoS22·OpenAlex25

İncele

Hasar, Ugur Cem; Barroso, Joaquim José; Kaya, Yunus; Ertugrul, Mehmet; Bute, Musa

We propose a new transmission-reflection method for measuring constitutive parameters of liquid samples inside an asymmetric measurement cell (a sample over a low-loss holder in vertical position inside an empty waveguide section). We derived reference-plane invariant expressions for constitutive parameters measurement of liquid samples from reference-plane dependent scattering parameters. In addition, we also applied a simple approach for unique determination of transformation factor and reference-plane distances. After, we also investigated how the performance of the proposed method could be improved by performing a differential uncertainty analysis. From this analysis, we found the following key results: (a) the accuracy of the proposed method could be enhanced for low-loss liquid samples by using thicker samples, and (b) the effect of constitutive parameters and the length of the (low-loss) sample holder on constitutive parameters measurements of liquid samples by the proposed method is a key parameter in increasing the accuracy of the measurements. Finally, we performed constitutive parameter measurements of distilled water and methanol to validate the proposed method and compared the proposed method with similar methods in the literature. From the measurements, we note that our method is especially useful for liquid sample measurements when the reference-plane transformation factors are not known a priori and/or if the measurements are carried out over a high frequency range.

AtıfScopus20·WoS19·OpenAlex22

İncele