Aras, Zakir

In the tenth verse of Sūrat al-Ḥujurāt, the fundamental parameters set by Allah for the structuring of Muslim communities can be delineated as the following: brotherhood, reformation, nation, identity, justice, piety, and community. A close analysis of the verse reveals a hierarchy among these parameters. While the brotherhood forms the first layer of the pyramid, the final layer is the community. The supporting layer that sustains all other levels is the layer of justice. At a fundamental level, the ultimate goal of these layers is to attain Allah’s mercy. Consequently, at the pinnacle of these layers lies the pyramid of mercy. The study concludes that there are no clear demarcation lines among these layers; instead, they are interconnected and interdependent. This analysis provides important clues for strengthening the social and moral structure of Muslim societies. The hierarchical structure of these parameters and the relationships between them play a key role in ensuring social solidarity and justice.

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Aras, Zakir

This article examines the understanding of Qur’ānic exegesis before Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī and the innovative approaches he introduced. Using an inductive method, it analyses Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghani’s books, articles, and speeches. Before al-Afghānī, Qur’ānic exegesis was dominated by classical methods focused on syntax, grammar, jurisprudence, and theology, failing to meet contemporary needs. Al-Afghānī did not write a tafsīr book in the classical style but his articles in al-ʿUrwah al-Wuthqā resemble independent exegesis treatises, following a late Ottoman style. He advocated for a subjective and critical reading, centring only on the Qur’ān and rejecting linguistically focused exegesis. He emphasized the Qur’ān’s relevance to contemporary issues, highlighting its social, cultural, anthropological, and political messages. On the topic of mu‘arrab, however, he made forced comments without sufficient evidence.

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