Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları

• 1

• MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1/r/bayburt/11303
  Ultrasonic-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction of Polyphenols From Tea Parts: A Green Assessment

  Gerçek, Yusuf Can; Baştürk, Fatma Nur; Gıdık, Betül; Abca, Tuğba Elbir; Yurtvermez, Bayram; Fuente-Ballesteros, Adrián; Kutlu, Naciye; Ecem Bayram, Nesrin

  Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as green alternatives to conventional solvents for extracting bioactive compounds from plants. This study evaluated nine choline chloride–based DESs for recovering antioxidant polyphenols from four parts of the tea plant (Camellia sinensis): seed, bud, leaf, and flower. Total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and individual polyphenolic profiles were determined, and the greenness of the sample preparation was assessed using AGREEprep. The highest total phenolic content (53.28 mg GAE/g) and antioxidant activity (141.17 mg TE/g) were obtained from leaves using ChCl:formic acid, outperforming ethanol and methanol. Leaves also exhibited the highest total quantified polyphenolic content (up to 95,813 mg/kg DW, corresponding to the sum of the quantified polyphenols), with epicatechin gallate and gallocatechin + epigallocatechin being the major contributors. Flowers and buds showed notable polyphenolic diversity, while seeds contained the lowest levels. Statistical analysis confirmed clear clustering patterns according to plant part and solvent type. AGREEprep evaluation yielded scores up to 0.54, highlighting the environmental benefits of DES-based extraction. We demonstrated that tea leaves were the richest source of bioactive polyphenols, and selected DESs, particularly formic acid–based and ethylene glycol–based, exhibited superior efficiency and sustainability compared to conventional solvents. These findings support the wider adoption of DESs for green, high-yield extraction of pharmacologically important compounds from tea and other medicinal plants.

  • 
  İncele
• MakaleAçık Erişim2025Scopus SJRQ1/r/bayburt/11815
  Optimization of Hemp Seed (Cannabis sativa L.) Protein Extraction and Glycation Conditions by Response Surface Methodology: Physicochemical, Functional, and Thermal Characteristics

  Yüzer, Elvan; Kutlu, Naciye; Yüzer, Mustafa Onur

  In this study, first, optimization using the response surface method was implemented to obtain the highest yield of protein isolate from defatted hemp seed under different extraction conditions. Optimum extraction conditions were determined with 0% salt concentration, 12 pH value, and 49°C temperature. The protein isolate produced under optimum conditions was subjected to the glycation process, and the glycation conditions were also optimized. The optimum conditions for glycation were determined as a protein isolate: sugar ratio of 1.6:1, temperature of 60°C, and time of 90 min, providing the most suitable glycation degrees and browning indices. There was no statistical difference between the glycated protein isolate obtained under these conditions and the nonglycated protein isolate in terms of emulsifying activity index and emulsion stability index. For total phenolic–flavonoid compounds and antioxidant activity, the sugar complex caused a decrease in these values. In addition, there was a high positive correlation between bioactive compounds. SEM micrographs showed relationships between hemp seed protein isolate and sugar, and these interactions led to a spongy three-dimensional microstructure. When the FTIR results were analyzed, the glycated isolate had stronger absorption at 3300–3200 cm−1 compared to the nonglycated isolate. In conclusion, this study reports important findings in terms of functional and characteristic properties of how monosaccharides affect glycation.

  AtıfScopus1·WoS1

  İncele