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• MakaleYalnız künye2025Scopus SJRQ2/r/bayburt/11464
  A shear deformable numerical approaches for the static analysis of bi-directional functionally graded beams

  Turan, Muhittin; Kahya, Volkan; Yaylacı, Ecren Uzun; Yaylacı, Murat

  This paper introduces a highly accurate and computationally efficient shear deformable finite element model for the static analysis of bi-directional functionally graded beams (BD-FGBs) with various boundary conditions grounded in the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT). The model, featuring ten degrees of freedom across five nodes, excels in capturing both axial and shear deformations with remarkable precision while maintaining a streamlined formulation. In a novel approach, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) methods are also employed alongside the finite element analysis, offering a dual-method investigation into the static behavior of BD-FGBs. This paper aims to further advance the understanding of BD-FGM beams by exploring their static behavior under diverse loading conditions and boundary constraints, employing advanced finite element methods and artificial neural network techniques. The material properties are modeled through power-law distributions, and the governing equations are derived from Lagrange’s principle. Displacements and stresses were computed under different boundary conditions (BCs), slenderness ratios (L/h), and power-law indices (px, pz). Comparative analysis with existing literature reveals the superior suitability of the proposed finite element model for static analysis, while the ANN approach further reinforces its potential as a robust, complementary tool. The innovative combination of these methods promises to offer significant contributions to the field and provides new insights into the behavior of BD-FGBs under static loads.

  AtıfScopus20·WoS24·OpenAlex3

  İncele
• MakaleAçık Erişim2025Scopus SJRQ2/r/bayburt/11125
  Bending and Buckling Analysis of Porous 2D Functionally Graded Beams with Exponential Material Property Variation

  Adiyaman, Gökhan; Turan, Muhittin

  The bending and buckling analysis of porous two-directional (2D) functionally graded (FG) beams was conducted using a higher-order shear deformation theory. The introduction of exponential functions to depict changes in material properties is a novel approach in the static analysis of 2D FG beams. Three distinct porosity distribution functions were taken into account. The governing equations were formulated through the application of Lagrange’s principle. During the numerical analysis, a finite element comprising two nodes and eight degrees of freedom was utilized. This choice facilitated accurate and efficient solutions, even for shorter beams, without the need for a shear correction factor. Notably, the obtained shear stresses aligned with actual values, registering as zero at both the top and bottom of the beam. The obtained results of the study were validated against findings reported in the literature. A parametric study was carried out to investigate the effects of porosity, porosity distributions, gradation parameters, slenderness, and boundary conditions on the non-dimensional deflections, stresses, critical buckling loads, and buckling mode shapes. It was found that both porosity and the distribution of porosity have noticeable effects on the static analysis of the beams.

  AtıfScopus18·OpenAlex13

  İncele
• MakaleAçık Erişim2024/r/bayburt/15795
  Gözenekliliğin Fonksiyonel Derecelendirilmiş Kirişlerin Serbest Titreşimleri Üzerinde Etkisi

  Turan, Muhittin; Hacıoğlu, Mahmut İlter; Balci, Erkan

  Bu çalışmada, gözenekliliğin fonksiyonel derecelendirilmiş kirişlerin serbest titreşimleri üzerindeki etkisi, ANSYS APDL paket programı kullanılarak detaylı bir şekilde incelenmiştir. Malzeme özellikleri bir fonksiyona bağlı olarak değişen fonksiyonel derecelendirilmiş malzemelerle (FDM) yapılan kirişlerin üretimi sırasında yapısında oluşan gözeneklerin kirişin davranışına etkisi literatürde önemli bir konudur. Bu tip problemlerin analitik ve sayısal olarak çözümü uzun ve zahmetli olduğu için ANSYS APDL paket programının kullanılması zamandan ve harcanan emekten tasarruf etmemizi sağlayacaktır. Bir kuvvet kuralıyla kirişin malzemelerinin hacimdeki değişimi tanımlanmıştır. Çeşitli sınır koşulları, kuvvet kuralı indeksi, narinlik, gözeneklilik katsayısı ve gözeneklilik dağılımları (FDM-1, FDM-2) gibi parametrelere bağlı olarak gözenekli FDM kirişlerin boyutsuz doğal frekansları elde edilmiş ve literatürle kıyaslanmıştır.

  İncele
• MakaleAçık Erişim2024Scopus SJRQ2/r/bayburt/13152
  Free Vibration and Buckling Analysis of Porous Two-Directional Functionally Graded Beams Using a Higher-Order Finite Element Model

  Turan, Muhittin; Adiyaman, Gokhan

  A new type of functionally graded material (FGM) with material properties varying in two or three directions is needed to obtain materials with better mechanical properties and high-temperature resistance for use in the military, aerospace, automotive, and engineering structures. Considering the porosity that occurs during the production of these materials, it has become necessary to examine the free vibration and buckling behaviors. Therefore, this study investigated free vibration and buckling analysis of porous two-directional functionally graded (2D FG) beams subject to various boundary conditions. A high-order finite element based on parabolic shear deformation theory (PSDT) is proposed to solve this problem. Three types of porosity distributions were used in the study (FGP-1, FGP-2, and FGP-3). The governing equations are derived from Lagrange’s principle. The material change in the beam volume in both directions is defined by a power-law rule. The dimensionless fundamental frequencies and critical buckling loads are obtained for various boundary conditions, gradation exponents (px, pz), porosity coefficient (e), porosity distribution, and slenderness (L/h). The numerical results obtained with the proposed higher-order finite element are compatible with the literature.

  AtıfScopus47·WoS44·OpenAlex40

  İncele
• MakaleAçık Erişim2024Scopus SJRQ2/r/bayburt/13024
  Mixed series solution for vibration and stability of porous bi-directional functionally graded beams

  Turan, Muhittin

  A new analytical solution based on the Ritz method is presented in this paper for analyzing the free vibration and buckling behavior of porous bi-directional functionally graded (2D-FG) beams under various boundary conditions. The solution is based on first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT). The selection of solution functions used in Ritz methods distinguishes the methods from each other and determines the accuracy of the analytical solution. To accurately capture the system's behavior and achieve the desired results, these functions have been carefully selected as a combination of polynomial and trigonometric expressions tailored as mixed series functions for each boundary condition. The study considers three types of porosity, namely PFG-1, PFG-2, and PFG-3. The equations of motion are derived using Lagrange's principle, taking into account the power-law variation of the beam material components throughout the volume. The non-dimensional fundamental frequencies and critical buckling loads are calculated for different boundary conditions, gradation exponents in the x and z directions (px, pz), slenderness (L/h), porosity coefficient (e), and porosity types. Initially, the accuracy of the mixed series functions is investigated for non-porous bi-directional functionally graded beams, and the numerical results are compared with existing literature to validate the proposed solution. Subsequently, the paper focuses on analyzing the influence of porosity on the free vibration and buckling behavior of bi-directional functionally graded beams using the developed solution method.

  AtıfScopus21·WoS22·OpenAlex18

  İncele
• MakaleYalnız künye2024Scopus SJRQ1/r/bayburt/11641
  Research of the crack problem of a functionally graded layer

  Yaylacı, Murat; Yaylacı, Ecren Uzun; Turan, Muhittin; Özdemir, Mehmet Emin; Öztürk, Şevval; Ay, Sevil

  In this study, the two-dimensional crack problem was investigated by using the finite element method (FEM)based ANSYS package program and the artificial neural network (ANN)-based multilayer perceptron (MLP) method. For this purpose, a half-infinite functionally graded (FG) layer with a crack pressed through two rigid blocks was analyzed using FEM and ANN. Mass forces and friction were neglected in the solution. To control the validity of the crack problem model exercised, the acquired results were compared with a study in the literature. In addition, FEM and ANN results were checked using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and coefficient of determination (R2), and a well agreement was found. Numerical solutions were made considering different geometric parameters and material properties. The stress intensity factor (SIF) was examined for these values, and the results were presented. Consequently, it is concluded that the considered non-dimensional quantities have a noteworthy influence on the SIF. Also FEM and ANN can be logical alternative methods to time-consuming analytical solutions if used correctly.

  AtıfScopus27·WoS30·OpenAlex6

  İncele
• MakaleAçık Erişim2023/r/bayburt/16575
  Yüksek mertebe sonlu eleman modeliyle fonksiyonel derecelendirilmiş kirişlerin serbest titreşim ve statik analizi

  Turan, Muhittin; Hacıoğlu, Mahmut İlter

  Bu çalışmada, fonksiyonel derecelendirilmiş (FD) kirişlerin yüksek mertebeden kayma deformasyonlu kiriş teorisine dayalı sonlu eleman yöntemiyle serbest titreşim ve statik analizleri incelenmiştir. Sonlu elemanlar yöntemi için 5 düğümlü ve 16 serbestlikli bir sonlu eleman önerilmiştir. FD kirişin malzeme özelliği kiriş kalınlığı boyunca belli bir kuvvet kuralı fonksiyona bağlı olarak değişmektedir. Lagrange eşitliği ile denge denklemleri türetilmiştir. Farklı kuvvet fonksiyonu üst indisine (p), farklı sınır şartlarına ve farklı narinliklere (L/h) göre FD kirişin boyutsuz doğal frekansları, boyutsuz yer değiştirmeleri, boyutsuz normal ve kayma gerilmeleri elde edilmiştir. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar literatür ile karşılaştırılmış ve önerilen sonlu elemanın FD kirişler için oldukça uyumlu sonuçlar verdiği görülmüştür. Önerilen yüksek mertebeden kayma deformasyonlu kiriş elemanının bu tip problemlerin çözümünde kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır. Kuvvet fonksiyonu üst indis değerinin artmasıyla birlikte boyutsuz doğal frekanslar azalmakta, boyutsuz maksimum yer değiştirmeler ise artmaktadır.

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  AtıfOpenAlex3·TR Dizin1

  İncele
• MakaleYalnız künye2023Scopus SJRQ2/r/bayburt/12996
  Free vibration and buckling of functionally graded porous beams using analytical, finite element, and artificial neural network methods

  Turan, Muhittin; Uzun Yaylacı, Ecren; Yaylacı, Murat

  In this study, an analytical solution based on the first-order shear deformation theory was performed for free vibration and buckling analysis of functionally graded porous beams (FGM-P) subjected to various boundary conditions. Also, this problem is solved by using finite element (FEM) and artificial neural network (ANN) methods. Here a Ritz-based analytical solution is used, and different polynomial series functions are proposed for each boundary condition. Lagrange's principle was used while deriving the equations of motion. A power-law rule describes the variation of the beam's materials in volume. The normalized fundamental frequencies and critical buckling loads are obtained for various boundary conditions, power-law index (k), slenderness (L/h), porosity coefficient (e), and porosity distribution (FGM-P1, FGM-P2). The polynomial series functions used in this study were verified with the literature, and the numerical results obtained were compared with FEM and ANN. The results obtained are quite compatible with each other.

  AtıfScopus140·WoS136·OpenAlex101

  İncele
• MakaleYalnız künye2023Scopus SJRQ1/r/bayburt/12926
  A New Higher-Order Finite Element for Static Analysis of Two-Directional Functionally Graded Porous Beams

  Turan, Muhittin; Adiyaman, Gokhan

  A new higher-order finite element for the static analysis of two-directional functionally graded (2D FG) porous beams subjected to various boundary conditions based on parabolic shear deformation theory (PSDT) is presented. The main purpose of this study is to predict the deflections and stresses of 2D FG porous and non-porous beams with the help of the proposed finite element. Since a higher-order finite element with a third order polynomial is used, the deflections and stresses can be accurately and rapidly obtained even for short beams. In addition, the new higher-order element is free of shear locking phenomenon without requiring any shear correction factors. Three types of distribution functions were used for porosity in this study. To the author's knowledge, the sinusoidal uneven distribution function (FGP-3) is presented for the first time. The governing equations are derived by Lagrange’s principle using a parabolic shear deformation theory that considers normal and shear deformations. According to a power-law rule, the material change in the beam volume in both directions is defined. The dimensionless maximum transverse deflections, normal stresses, and shear stresses are obtained for various boundary conditions, gradation exponents (px, pz) in the x- and z-directions, porosity coefficient (e), porosity distribution (FGP-1, FGP-2, FGP-3), and the slenderness (L/h). This study's new higher-order finite element gives results compatible with the literature and it can be used to accurately find the deflections and stresses for the 2D FG non-porous or porous beams subjected to various boundary conditions.

  AtıfScopus30·WoS28·OpenAlex26

  İncele
• MakaleAçık Erişim2022/r/bayburt/16684
  Buckling Analysis of Functionally Graded Beams Using the Finite Element Method

  Turan, Muhittin; Hacıoğlu, Mahmut İlter

  This study developed a finite element model according to higher-order shear deformation beam theory (HSDT) for the buckling analysis of functionally graded (FG) beams. Equilibrium equations of the FG beam are obtained from Lagrange’s equations. The beam element to be discussed within the scope of the study has 5 nodes and 16 degrees of freedom (DOF). As a result of the buckling analysis, the critical buckling load of the beam was obtained for various boundary conditions, power-law index (p), and slenderness (L/h). When the critical buckling loads obtained as a result of the analysis were compared with the literature, it was seen that they were quite compatible.

  AtıfOpenAlex2·TR Dizin1

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