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- MakaleAçık Erişim2022Scopus SJRQ2Precipitation-hardening stainless steels: Potential use radiation shielding materials
Alım, Bünyamin; Özpolat, Özgür Fırat; Şakar, Erdem; Han, İbrahim; Arslan, İbrahim; Singh, V.P.; Demir, Lütfü
In this study, it was focused on the research of new materials with high attenuation efficiency that can be used as radiation shielding material due to the incapability of conventional materials. In accordance with this purpose, the radiation shielding capabilities of four different precipitation-hardening stainless steels (PH-SSs), which are symbolized 15-5PH, 15-7PH, 17-4PH and 17-7PH, were determined both experimentally and theoretically in a wide range of radiation energy. For experimental measurements, two different detectors (Si(Li) and Na(Tl)) and twenty-three different photon energies (from 22.1 to 1332.5 keV) emitted from seven different radionuclides were used in narrow-beam transmission geometry. Phy-X/PSD software were used for theoretical calculations. The theoretically calculated parameters were determined both in the photon energies emitted by the radionuclides used in the experiment and in the continuous energy range of 0.015–15 MeV. Furthermore, in order to make a remarkable assessment of the integration of PH-SSs to nuclear energy applications, the all results obtained have been compared with the corresponding values of Fe-based steel concretes (steel-scrap (SS) and steel-magnetite (SM)), which are widely used as conventional shield materials in nuclear power plants. Moreover, in order to choose the best material to be used in nuclear applications among the PH-SSs, the results were evaluated comparatively in terms of both the characteristics of the materials and the magnitude of the radiation shielding parameters. Consequently, it was concluded that the material with the best radiation shielding performance among the examined PH-SSs was 15-7PH and the radiation shielding performance ranking was generally in the form of 15-7PH ≥ 15-5PH > 17-4PH > 17-7PH > SM > SS. Due to both high attenuation efficiency and superior properties for radiation shielding, it was determined that the PH-SSs can be used as new shielding materials in nuclear applications.
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İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2020Scopus SJRQ2Phy-X/ZeXTRa: a software for robust calculation of effective atomic numbers for photon, electron, proton, alpha particle, and carbon ion interactions
Özpolat, Ö.F.; Alım, B.; Şakar, E.; Büyükyıldız, M.; Kurudirek, M.
The purpose of the present work is robust calculation of effective atomic numbers (Zeffs) for photon, electron, proton, alpha particle and carbon ion interactions through the newly developed software, Phy-X/ZeXTRa (Zeff of materials for X-Type Radiation attenuation). A pool of total mass attenuation and energy absorption coefficients (for photons) and total mass stopping powers (for charged particles) for elements was constructed first. Then, a matrix of interaction cross sections for elements Z = 1–92 was constructed. Finally, effective atomic numbers were calculated for any material by interpolating adjacent cross sections through a linear logarithmic interpolation formula. The results for Zeff for photon interaction were compared with those calculated through Mayneord’s formula, which suggests a single-valued Zeff for any material for low-energy photons for which photoelectric absorption is the dominant interaction process. The single-valued Zeff was found to agree well with that obtained by other methods, in the low-energy region. In addition, Zeff values of various materials of biological interest were compared with those obtained experimentally at 59.54 keV. In general, the agreement between values calculated with Phy-X/ZeXTRa and Auto-Zeff and those measured were satisfactory. A comparison of Zeff values for photon energy absorption calculated with Phy-X/ZeXTRa and literature values for a nucleotide base, adenine, was made, and the relative difference (RD) in Zeff between Phy-X/ZeXTRa and literature values was found to be 2% < RD < 11%, at low photon energies (1–100 keV), while it was less than 1% at energies higher than 100 keV. Highest Zeff values were observed at low photon energies, where photoelectric absorption dominates photon interaction. For electrons, corresponding RD(%) values in Zeff were found to be in the range 0.4 ≤ RD(%) ≤ 1.7, while for heavy charged particle interactions it was 2.4 ≤ RD(%) ≤ 4.2 for total proton interaction and 0 ≤ RD(%) ≤ 8 for total alpha particle interaction. In view of the importance of Zeff for identifying and differentiating tissues in diagnostic imaging as well as for estimating accurate dose in radiotherapy and particle-beam therapy, Phy-X/ZeXTRa could be used for fast and accurate calculation of Zeff in a wide energy range for both photon and charged particle (electrons, protons, alpha particles and C ions) interactions.
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İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2020Scopus SJRQ2Phy-X / PSD: Development of a user friendly online software for calculation of parameters relevant to radiation shielding and dosimetry
Şakar, Erdem; Özpolat, Özgür Fırat; Alım, Bünyamin; Sayyed, M.I.; Kurudirek, Murat
A user friendly online Photon Shielding and Dosimetry (PSD) software available at https://phy-x.net/PSD has been developed for calculation of parameters relevant to shielding and dosimetry. These parameters include linear and mass attenuation coefficients (LAC, MAC), half and tenth value layers (HVL, TVL), mean free path (MFP), effective atomic number and electron density (Zeff, Neff), effective conductivity (Ceff) energy absorption and exposure buildup factors (EABF, EBF). The software can generate data on shielding parameters in the continuous energy region (1 keV-100 GeV). Also, some well-known radioactive sources (22Na, 55Fe, 60Co, 109Cd, 131I, 133Ba, 137Cs, 152Eu and 241Am) along with their energies and some characteristic (K-shell) X-ray energies of Cu, Rb, Mo, Ag, Ba and Tb elements are available in the software and can be selected by the user. Thus, one can obtain the shielding parameters at photon energies available for the predefined energies. Moreover, another parameter relevant to shielding i.e. the fast neutron removal cross section (FNRCS) can be calculated for a compound or a mixture using this software. The software is freely available online after having registered to the Phy-X platform.
AtıfScopus2019WoS1977OpenAlex2133İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2020Scopus SJRQ2Experimental investigation of radiation shielding performances of some important AISI-coded stainless steels: Part I
Alım, Bünyamin; Şakar, E.; Baltakesmez, Ali; Han, İbrahim; Sayyed, M.I.; Demir, Lütfü
The investigation of radiation shielding performances of AISI-302, 304, 321 and 430 stainless steels which have wide range of application because of their superior mechanical properties, temperature and corrosion resistances was aimed in this study. In accordance with this purpose, photon-shielding parameters of these stainless steels were calculated both experimentally and theoretically. These parameters calculated are linear attenuation coefficient, mass attenuation coefficient, mean free path, half-value layer, quarter-value layer, tenth-value layer, total atomic cross-section, total electronic cross-section, effective atomic number, effective electron number and effective conductivity. They were experimentally measured at twenty-three different energies in the range 22 keV and 1333 keV. The photon energies were obtained from seven different radioactive sources (22Na, 60Co, 241Am, 109Cd, 137Cs, 152Eu and 133Ba). The Si(Li) and NaI(Tl) detectors were separately used taking into account of energy-efficient regions to counting process at narrow-beam transmission geometry. In addition, all these parameters were computed at the 15 keV‒15 MeV wide energy range, theoretically. In order to make a satisfying assessment about radiation shielding capabilities of AISI 302, 304, 321 and 430 alloys, all calculations were also made for ordinary, steel-scrap and steel-magnetite concretes (Fe-based steel concretes) that are most commonly used as shielding material in many nuclear applications. According to the results obtained, it was observed that the radiation shielding performances of AISI 300 austenitic stainless steel series with containing Ni are superior to that of both AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel and examined concretes.
AtıfScopus52WoS46OpenAlex57İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2020Scopus SJRQ2A comprehensive study on radiation shielding characteristics of Tin-Silver, Manganin-R, Hastelloy-B, Hastelloy-X and Dilver-P alloys
Alım, Bünyamin
In this study, it is aimed to investigate alloys that can replace lead and its derivatives in terms of radiation shielding. A new alternative shielding material must have optimum properties that should be present in a protective material. For this purpose, this study focused on the determination of the radiation-shielding characteristics of five different alloys named Tin-Silver, Manganin-R, Hastelloy-B, Hastelloy-X and Dilver-P. The photon interaction parameters (µ, µm, λ, X1/2, σT, σe, Zeff, Neff, σeff and RPE) that give significant information about the radiation shielding capacities of the materials were calculated for the alloys in the energy range from 30 to 1333 keV. The narrow-beam transmission geometry was used to determine these parameters accurately and was adjusted such that the error rate is minimized. The present samples were irradiated with photons of nineteen different photon energies emitted from seven different radionuclides (241Am, 133Ba, 109Cd, 152Eu, 22Na, 137Cs and 60Co). Photon intensities were measured by using two different detectors (Si(Li) and NaI(Tl)) for convenient photon energy regions. Then, these parameters were also calculated theoretically using Phy-X/PSD software in order to compare the experimental and theoretical results. Furthermore, the Rinc/total, Zeq, G-P fitting coefficients (a, b, c, d and XK) and exposure build-up factors (β) for the alloys were calculated using Phy-X/PSD software at photon energy range from 0.015 to 15 MeV. In order to make a significant comparison about the shielding capacities of investigated alloys, the µm values obtained for the alloys were compared with corresponding values of Pb metal, RS 253 glass and Cupero-Nickel alloy. Consequently, the descending order of MAC values in the all surveyed energy region was obtained as Tin-Silver > Manganin-R > Hastelloy-B > Hastelloy-X > Dilver-P. In the low energy region, it was found that the all present alloys have better shielding performances than RS 253 glass and Cupero-Nickel alloy. The experimental results also revealed that the Tin-Silver alloy has 25% better shielding performance than Pb metal in the energy range of 30–88 keV. Finally, it was concluded that Manganin-R alloy could be considered as the most ideal shielding material in the entire photon energies studied along with its other superior features (high density (10.22 g cm−3), high melting point (2500–2600 °C), high tensile strength (560–1150 MPa), high modulus of elasticity (320 GPa) and high specific heat (305 J K−1 kg−1) although the Tin-Silver alloy had the highest µm values among the examined alloys.
AtıfScopus57WoS49OpenAlex58İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2015Scopus SJRQ2Investigation of Comet Wild-2 in terms of effective atomic numbers
Han, Ibrahim; Ün, Adem; Alimb, Bünyamin
Effective atomic numbers (Z eff ) and effective electron densities (N el ) of 69 samples collected from Comet Wild-2 within scope of Stardust mission were determined in the energy range from 1 keV to 100 GeV. The data were individually evaluated for Wild-2 olivines, pyroxene, FeANi sulfide and silicate glass samples to obtain remarkable information about Comet Wild-2. The photon energy and sample composition dependencies of obtained data were investigated. The results show that Z eff and Nel values depend strongly on chemical composition and interaction photon energy. The result of present study may be providing new and helpful knowledge about the Comet Wild-2 and ourSolar System.
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