Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yayınlar
- MakaleAçık Erişim2025Scopus SJRQ4The Armenia-Georgia War of 1918 in the Context of the Resolution of the Border Dispute by Force
Sadik, Ramin
Seizing the opportunity created by the revolutions in Russia, the three South Caucasian peoples declared their independence in 1918 and wanted to be part of the new order after World War I. At the same time, they engaged in an intense debate about their livingspace and the disputed borders between them. Azerbaijan followed a more restrained policy than the other two and favoured a negotiated settlement of the conflicts. Meanwhile, Georgia and Armenia went to war over the border dispute between them, and the region witnessed bloody confrontations for this reason. The dream of 'Greater Armenia' of the Dashnak Party, which is in power in Armenia, has been the main cause of the conflicts in the region. Dashnak's unending ambitions, its territorial claims against both neighbours and its preference for an armed rather than a political solution turned it into the main perpetrator of the turmoil. Consequently, the Armenian leadership's provocative actions against Georgia led to a fierce war between the two countries in December 1918. The war, which continued for three weeks, was halted by the intervention of Britain and France and ended with a peace treaty. This study focuses on the wars that took place between Armenia and Georgia in 1918. Within the scope of the study, the documents ofthe Georgian Central Historical Archive were examined, news, comments and analyses in the Georgian, Russian and Azerbaijani press of the period were meticulously scanned, and memoirs were examined. At the same time, as a result of reading, collating and evaluating the second-hand sources written on the subject, the study has been transformed into an original academic article.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2024Russian-Turkish Warfare in the Eastern Black Sea in the First World War: The Occupation of Trabzon According to Russian Sources
Sadik, Ramin
During World War I, fierce clashes took place between the Ottomans and Russia on the Caucasus Front. The Ottoman state, whose army in the region was not fully prepared for the war, was heavily wounded in the Sarikamis Operation and then could not adequately defend against Russian attacks. Consequently, the conflicts in the east ended in defeat for the Ottomans. Especially after the Russians took control of Erzurum in 1916, they intensified their military operations directly to the west, south and east coast of the Black Sea. Having taken Erzurum, the Russian Caucasus Army command devised a plan to capture Trabzon, a strategically located city that played a key role in equipping the Ottoman III Army in the east. In fact, if the Russian army captured Trabzon, it would be able to supply its troops in the east with arms, ammunition and food more quickly. In this sense, Trabzon was very important for the Russians. Consequently, after the occupation of Erzurum, the Russian armies moved towards Bayburt and Gumushhane via Askale on the one hand, and towards Trabzon with both navy and land forces in the eastern Black Sea region on the other. In late March 1916, attacks on Trabzon intensified, culminating in the occupation of the city on April 18, 1916. In this study, the process of the occupation of Trabzon is written in the context of Russian sources. The main difference of this study from the previous ones is that it was prepared by analyzing the information provided in the Russian archival documents and press of the period, as well as in Russian-language sources in general. Therefore, the archival records of the correspondence of Russian commanders with their headquarters during the occupation of Trabzon and the day-to-day news of newspapers and magazines about the war constituted the basis of the originality of the article.
