Dayı, Özkan

Despite the negative effects of the Mongol invasion in the thirteenth century, many countries, geographies, nations, and cultures found the opportunity to come together. This situation also led to the interaction of scientific and cultural elements, which had been limited politically and militarily, with each other. This period of interaction in scientific fields continued during the Ilkhanate, which was established in the Near East as a branch Mongol state after 1256. In addition to their commercial and political relations, the Ilkhanates maintained scientific exchanges with China, India, and Egypt. During the Mongol era, scientific relations were initially established by scholars and mueddibs who sought refuge in these regions to escape the Mongol invasion and received protection. With the arrival of Ilkhan Hülegü in the Near East, the Ilkhanids, also known as the Iranian Mongols, continued their scientific relations by establishing educational institutions, scientific research centers, and patronizing scholars. Scientific relations with the Yuan dynasty in China, the Delhi Turkic Sultanate in India, and the Mamluks in Egypt became a state policy consistently pursued by the Ilkhanate in a scientific sense during this period. In this study, we aim to convey the Ilkhanate's scientific relations with the geographies of China, India, and Egypt.

İncele

Azili, Kenan

Conceptual metaphors, which have an important function in language-mind relations, are shown among the thinking practices that emerge with various conceptual connections such as concretization and simile. These metaphors, which bear the traces of primitive thinking activities in daily life, are generally defined as making use of concrete concepts in order to understand abstract concepts. With the "conceptual metaphor theory" first put forward by Lakoff and Johnson (1980), such forms of expression in the world's languages have become the focus of attention. According to this theory, which questions what kind of mental relationships are used to express abstract concepts such as time, life and thought, many concepts are understood based on conceptual metaphors. On the other hand, studies conducted to date show that a large portion of the conceptual metaphor types that can be diversified have universal characteristics. One of these metaphors is the CONTAINER METAPHORS, which are about an abstract concept such as “the mind”. CONTAINER METAPHORS, which represent a communication system in which the mind is a container and thoughts are placed in this container, result in the mind being perceived as an object in terms of concretization. However, the first stage in the preliminary thinking practices for abstract concepts requires the mind to be associated with space. Because, ontologically, the existence of a being or object in the world depends on the condition of being in space. Therefore, the inter-conceptual relationships that conceptual metaphors have are not only represented by concrete-abstract relationships; they are also represented by a progressive chain of concepts. In this study, based on the argument that the concept of mind is associated with space before the objectification process, historical texts will be scanned and classified within the scope of Old Uyghur texts. Firstly, the conceptual field of the word marking the concept of mind will be evaluated with various linguistic data. Then, it will be examined whether the abstraction of the mind has conceptual relations such as space, then object/being and finally advanced metaphor. In this respect, the universality of the available typological data will be discussed by evaluating the views put forward in previous studies.

AtıfTR Dizin2

İncele