Izgy, Fatma; Dereli, Zeynep; Aydemir, Aslihan

Road transport plays a crucial role in the European Union's transition toward climate-neutral mobility; however, significant differences persist among Member States in terms of sustainability performance. This study evaluates the sustainability performance of road transport systems in 26 EU countries to understand their comparative positions in this transformation process. Using a comprehensive dataset from 2021, an integrated Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) approach was employed, combining the Entropy method for objective criteria weighting and the EDAS method for performance ranking. The analysis reveals that Traffic Accidents, GDP, and Vehicle Usage are the most influential factors driving sustainability scores. Among the evaluated nations, France, Czechia, and Denmark achieved the highest performance rankings. The original contribution of this study lies in its application of an entropy-EDAS multi-criteria framework to evaluate the 2021 sustainability performance of road transport systems in 26 EU countries, providing a systematic, data-driven basis for comparing Member States' performance.

İncele

Arí, Yilmaz Onur; Izgí, Fatma

Bosnia and Herzegovina's transition from socialism to capitalism has led to fundamental changes in the country's economic structure, with unemployment, FDI, economic growth, and information technologies becoming critical factors in this process. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) can promote economic growth and generate employment, helping to tackle unemployment through various channels. Bosnia and Herzegovina has been facing long-term unemployment for years. Thus, this study uses an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach and structural break technique to explore the impact of FDI, ICT, and growth on unemployment in Bosnia and Herzegovina for the period 1997-2022. The research findings indicate that FDI has a negative impact on unemployment in the long run. On the other hand, ICT has a positive impact on unemployment in the long run. Moreover, empirical findings demonstrated that there is a negative and significant relationship between growth and unemployment in the long run. This implies the validity of Okun's Law for Bosnia and Herzegovina. Furthermore, the study brings forth a crucial insight that the impacts of FDI on unemployment are not uniform and differ significantly based on the type of FDI inflows.

İncele

Ari, Yilmaz Onur; Koç, Umit

The paper examines the social unrest and migrant remittances relationship for Georgia using monthly time series data covering January 2007- July 2019. The Granger Causality Test was employed in the application of the econometric technique. Frequency domain causality test was also used in order to empower the findings of the study. The empirical findings showed that there is a bidirectional causality between the reported social unrest index (RSUI) and the remittance inflow to Georgia. Besides, frequency domain causality test results indicated that RSUI was the Granger cause of remittance inflow in the medium term (7-10 months), while remittance inflow was the Granger cause of RSUI in the short term (2-6 months). Social unrest comprises protests based on basic economic needs such as food, gas, electricity etc. Therefore, social unrest can be a supportive factor of remittances inflow to Georgia. This is in line with the view that remittances sent by Georgian immigrants to their families in Georgia are used for consumption rather than investments. On the other hand, remittances can be a determinant of social unrest for Georgia because the existence of separatist movements in Abkhazia and former South Ossetia can be interpreted as remittances can be an important source to fund these movements.

İncele