Energy-driven TBM health status estimation with a hybrid deep learning approach

This study provides a hybrid deep learning approach that enables the researchers to estimate the Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) health status during excavation process using energy consumption data. By analyzing the energy forms and paths in the tunneling process, the key energy factors' consumption performance behavior affecting TBM safety is identified. The Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) method and a Convolution neural network-Long short term memory-Depth Neural Network (CNN-LSTM-DNN, CLDNN) model are integrated for Health Performance Parameter (HPP) prediction. A classification method is constructed by the Generative Adversarial Imputation Networks (GAIN) model for health status estimation. The SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method is performed to quantify the relationships between energy consumption and system health status. A tunneling case in Singapore is used to test the effectiveness of the developed methodology. It is found that (1) the proposed method provides TBM cutter wear and cooling oil prediction with a R-square (R2) of 0.8591 and 0.8727, respectively, and (2) classification results indicate that the estimation F1-score of 0.9863 can be achieved based on health status evaluation indicator (HSEI). The novelty of the proposed approach lies in its capabilities of (1) fully extracting and utilizing the energy consumption information in every regard to predict TBM health performance; (2) providing a good one-step-ahead health status estimation for the TBM excavation process. Therefore, this study proposes a feasible direction for the application of energy consumption data in TBM health status estimation.