Gul, Volkan; Gidik, Betul; Girgel, Umit

This study was carried out in 2018 on an experimental field of Bayburt University in order to demonstrate the effect of different doses of vermicompost on the yield and oil quality in oilseed sunflower varieties. The experiments were carried out in randomized full-block design with three replicates. In the experiments, it was found that administering 100 kg da(-1) of vermicompost to the sunflowers yielded the best results in terms of grain yield (130.81 kg da(-1)), fat ratio (48.21%). and fatty acids parameters (saturated fatty acid ratio 15.30%. unsaturated fatty acid ratio 84.71%). In conclusion, we are of the opinion that, although there is an insufficient number of studies on oil crops. with the help of similar future studies in which vermicompost and other organic fertilizers are compounded, a humanand environment-friendly organic production can be realized by increasing the yield as well as the quality.

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Serencami, Ugur; Dabanli, Ismail

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Yildirim, Umit

Morphometric analysis is a very practical approach for evaluating hydrological processes for watersheds. The combination of morphometric, geological, and geomorphological characteristics of the river basin helps to gain further insights in forecasting hydrological phenomena (such as flooding, soil erosion, and groundwater potential). In this study, the morphometric analysis of the Coruh River Basin was conducted using GIS to establish effective water management. Firstly, the basic morphometric parameters (basin area, basin length, basin perimeter, stream order, stream number, and total stream length) were calculated for both CRB and its subbasins. Then, characteristic morphometric parameters (drainage density, drainage texture, form factor, length of the overland flow, topographic wetness index, and stream power index) were determined. Results showed that the infiltration capacity of the subsurface material was low, and the surface runoff was slow in the subbasins located close to the CRB's outlet. Therefore, these subbasins are more sensitive to flooding, erosion, and landslides compared to others. Soil erosion and thus sediment loss is higher in 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 5th subbasins, and the groundwater potential is higher in headwater areas of the basin. This study revealed that the GIS-based morphometric analysis is beneficial to implement water management tool at the watershed scale.

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Erdogan, Ummugulsum; Argin, Sanem; Turan, Metin; Cakmakci, Ramazan; Olgun, Murat

Walnuts (Juglans regia L.) are a good source of dietary minerals and contain significant amounts of potassium, phosphorus, magnesium and iron. In Turkey, walnut orchards are found in the coruh Valley and are generally composed of local varieties. Since chemical and physical properties of walnuts are very important in determining their quality, in this study, nut and kernel characteristics, fatty acid composition and phenolic composition were determined for 26 walnut genotypes collected from the valley. Total fat content was found to be between 53.75% and 71.43%, while the crude protein amount ranged from 10.21% to 20.71%. Total carbohydrates were calculated between 14.31-27.52% and ash content was found to be between 1.64% and 3.32%. The oleic acid content and linoleic acid content ranged from 18.34 to 25.58% and 37.09% to 87.51%, respectively. The linolenic acid content was determined between 5.52% and 11.03%. Our study showed that, differences in phenolic component, crude protein and fatty acid content of walnuts were caused by different growing conditions. Genotypes have a rich and stable structure in terms of fruit quality parameters, minerals, organic acids, phenolic composition, antioxidant and fatty acids amounts and amino acids. In other words, these characteristics did not show much variation in genotypes grown in the Valley. However, there was a great variation in hormone levels among genotypes. In terms of the parameters examined, GN2, GNI, ((NIS, GN24, GN25 and GN26 genotypes were determined as rich and stable genotypes.

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Serancam, Ugur; Dabanli, Ismail

Surface temperature increase due to global warming results in polar ice melting, snow cover thinning, changes in precipitation anomaly. All these phenological effects alert engineers, planners and administrators to be more sensitive against climate change-based risk effects on water structures. Vulnerability to natural disasters such as floods and droughts are expected to occur more frequent than past. Therefore, design and potential evaluation of water structures such as transmission channels, water wells, dams and hydraulic power generation facilities need to be re-evaluation. This re-evaluations procedure must be updated by taking into consideration climate change impacts with their risk assessments. For this purpose, the climate change-based risk levels are calculated from historically available records through possible trend tendencies, which are expressed in terms of trend slope. It has been observed that, in general, the climate change impacts are not significant on precipitation and runoff. This is due to the low trend slopes in the standardized hydro-meteorological time series. This point has been documented for Yesilirmak basin, where the climate change impact is very limited.

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Yilmaz, Fatih; Kocabey, Sefa

In this study, stabilization with lime was investigated within the scope of surface soil stabilization. The main aim of the study is to examine the grindability of the lime and investigate the effect of grinded lime on the strength and durability behavior of stabilized soil. This paper is divided into two parts. The first part deals with the grindability of the lime. The second part analyses the results of geotechnical tests with grinded and ungrinded lime. Ungrinded lime, 90% of which is below 48 microns, was reduced to less than 20 microns. The test samples were prepared by adding 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% of grinded and ungrinded lime to a low plasticity clay according to the Unified Soil Classification System. Curing times for strength tests were determined as 1, 7, 14 and 28 days. The properties of the prepared mixtures were investigated by their geotechnical properties such as index, strength and durability. In the light of the data obtained from the experiments, it is concluded that the fineness of the lime has a direct positive effect on the strength and durability characteristics.

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Gidik, Betul; Akar, Zeynep; Can, Zehra; Sefali, Abdurrahman; Erturk, Omer

Five different rosehip (Rosa L.) species including, Rosa canina, Rosa iberica Stev, Rosa villosa, Rosa beggeriana Schrenk and same kind of but different location Rosa spinosissima grown in Bayburt from Turkey are studied. The wild species of Rosa L. were collected from Rocks and Steps, Field and garden borders. Morphological parameters were measured as fruit and seed weights and fruit and seed size. Ten fruits were chosen randomly for the measurement and take the average of them to determine the weights and size. In our study was determined antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity and phenolic compounds. As antioxidant activity; total phenolic total flavonoid, condense tannin contents, CUPRAC, FRAP, ABTS. Nineteen standard of phenolic compositions of fruits and seeds were determined. Antioxidant, antimicrobial activities of the extracts were found high levels in rose hip species fruit than seed. Catechin, rutin protocatequic acid and CAPE were principal for all rose hip species fruit but, was not deteceted CAPE Kop Mountain, Yukari Kop Village Rosa spinosissima species. This suggests that the difference in location affects the phenolic content. Pearson Correlation analyze has done with the morphological parameters, GPS data, antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds by using the SPSS software programme version 25.0.

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Farizoglu, Burhanettin; Fil, Baybars Ali; Sozudogru, Onur; Aladag, Erdinc; Kul, Sinan

The present work aims to investigate the removal of three cationic dyes (Basic Orange 2, Basic Yellow 2 and Basic Violet 3) from aqueous solutions by montmorillonite under various experimental conditions. Cationic dyes were selected Basic Orange 2 (BO2), Basic Yellow 2 (BY2) and Basic Violet 3 (BV3). The effects of pH, initial dye concentration, adsorbent dose, agitation speed and ionic strength, on the removal of dyes were studied. According to the experiments results, it was shown, that maximum removal was achieved in less than 45 min. The results indicate that the montmorillonite can be used as a low cost alternative according to other adsorbents in the removal of dyes from wastewater. The maximum adsorption efficiency levels attained were as follows: 95.849% BO2, 99.562% BY2 and 99.169% BV3 onto montmorillonite at pH: 5.0, 100 mg/L initial dye concentration, 0.75g/L clay dosage, 300 rpm agitation speed, 0 M NaCl ionic strength and 293 K, reaction time of 45 min.

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Gul, Volkan

Because of sunflower is well adapted to the conditions of all region types, it ranks the first in terms of vegetable oil production in our country. The content of fatty acids that determine the quality of sunflower oil is affected by factors such as genotype and environment, especially climate and soil struc-ture. This research examines the oil and fatty acid ratios of sunflower grains grown on a producer basis and presented to the market in 2015 in Samsun (Bafra, Vezirkopru and Havza), Amasya (Merzifon), Corum (Center) and Tokat (Turhal) in the Middle Black Sea Region selected according to the density of oil sunflower to determine the quality of oil. According to the results of the research, average fat ratio was found to be between 41.57% and 45.67%, palmitic and stearic acids, which are basic saturated fatty acids, between 5.65% and 6.44% and from 3.84% and 4.81% linoleic acid (omega 6), linolenic acid (omega 3) and oleic acids (omega 9), which are unsaturated fatty acids, were found between 50.33 and 63.42%, 0.24 and 0.29% and 25.32 and 37.50%, respectively. These results indicate that the sun-flower seeds cultivated in the Amasya-Merzifon re-gion are at the forefront due to their oil quality char- A cteristics.

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Ecem-Bayram, Nesrin; Gercek, Ynsuf Can

The importance of the use of natural products as nutritional supplements in order to increase the quality of life and prevent diseases has increased in recent years. Among these products, propolis produced by honey bees is collected from plants and has a very complex structure in terms of chemical content. Propolis and its extracts have been used by humans for centuries because of its various bioactive properties. Although different methods can be used in the extraction stage, the most commonly used technique is extraction by maceration. However, there is no standard time period for extraction of propolis by maceration. We aimed to determine the changes in the concentrations of flavonoid group compounds pinocembrin, chrysin, tectochrysin, pi-nostrobin chalcone, gengwanin, naringenin and galangin from propolis samples exposed to seven different periods (1, 2, 5 10, 15, 20, 30 days) of maceration using GC-MS. The flavonoids pinocembrin, chrysin, tectochrysin, and naringenin reached their maximum concentrations at the end of 15 days of maceration and a decrease in their concentrations was observed after this period. The concentrations of other flavonoids did not show a steady increase or decrease with different maceration times. As a result, it can be said that the appropriate duration of maceration to extract the flavonoids responsible for propolis' numerous activities varies depending on the origin of the propolis and the nature of the compounds to be extracted.

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