Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları

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• MakaleYalnız künye2026Scopus SJRQ1/r/bayburt/10818
  Economic, Environmental, Social, and Governance (ECON - ESG) Strategies For Sustainable Development: Theory and a Holistic Evidence From Germany

  Isik, Cem; Ongan, Serdar; Aydin, Rahman; Imamoglu, Ilyas kays

  To achieve the SDGs, in addition to environmental (E), social (S), and governance (G) indicators, economic components should also be evaluated holistically. In this context, this research aims to test the time series characteristics of the indicators in the ECON-ESG structure, which is created by integrating the economic dimension into the ESG framework for Germany. For this purpose, linear and nonlinear structures, Fourier-based stationarity tests, and Bai-Perron multiple structural break tests were employed to examine the linear and nonlinear structures, stationarity cases, and structural breaks of various ESG and economic indicators (ECON). Findings show that many indicators are nonstationary, undergo structural changes over time, and exhibit nonlinear dynamics. The results indicate that sustainability policies should focus not only on indicator levels but also on the behavioral patterns and vulnerabilities of these indicators over time. In this regard, policymakers need to develop a holistic perspective on the economy and ESG, focusing on long-term and flexible policy designs. The study also offers important implications for how the ECON-ESG framework can serve as a model for both national and international markets, particularly in Germany, a developed and leading country in terms of sustainability. Therefore, the proposed ECON-ESG framework offers both theoretical and practical roadmaps for policymakers, firms, and investors to create long-term ESG strategies in support of the SDGs.

  AtıfScopus74·WoS75

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1/r/bayburt/10842
  Measuring Sustainability Under Uncertainty: Introducing Net ESG (N-ESG) Performance

  Ongan, Serdar; Isik, Cem; Aydin, Rahman; Imamoglu, Ilyas Kays; Alvarado, Rafael; Ahmad, Munir

  This study examines the reliability of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) scores in uncertain environments by introducing a new indicator, Net ESG (N-ESG), for the first time. This new index was calculated by subtracting a new ESG-based sustainability uncertainty index (ESGUI) from ESG scores. This study employed Pedroni (2004) and Westerlund (2007) tests, as well as the DOLS method, for 12 developed countries from 2002 to 2020. It analyzed the impact of economic, geopolitical, climate, and energy price-related uncertainties on both ESG and N-ESG through eight different models. Empirical findings indicate that a 1% change in CPU, GPR, EPU, and OPU indices increases ESG by 0.048, 0.355, 0.111, and 0.044 units, respectively, while the same rate of change decreases N-ESG by -6.501, -18.756, -8.972, and -8.193 units, respectively. These results can be interpreted as ESG scores may not fully reflect the true performance of companies in times of uncertainty, while N-ESG provides a more accurate representation of sustainability practices. These results suggest that policymakers should focus their sustainability policies not only on increasing ESG scores but also on preserving the true value of ESG by reducing uncertainty effects.

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  AtıfScopus36·WoS36·OpenAlex38

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