2026-10-29T23:44:53Zhttps://bayburt-rdlopen.rawdatalibrary.net/oai/request

oai:bayburt-rdlopen.rawdatalibrary.net:bayburt/109702026-10-29T19:41:06Zopenairecom_bayburt_10000col_bayburt_10001com_bayburt_10010col_bayburt_10224

Hydrodynamic characterization and design evaluation of a conical spout–fluidized bed under geometric and gas-distribution effectsÇutay, ArifTozlu, AlperenÖzahi, EmrahAxial spout regularity index (ASRI)Cone angle effectDistributor configurationEulerian–Eulerian two-fluid modelGas–solid hydrodynamicsMultiphase CFD simulationParticle velocity magnitude distributionRadial spout heterogeneity index (RSHI)Radial voidage distributionSpout–fluidized bedSpout–fluidized beds are widely used in gas–solid processing and thermal conversion applications because of their enhanced particle circulation, mixing, and heat-transfer characteristics. However, the combined effects of reactor geometry, distributor configuration, and gas-flow distribution on the hydrodynamic organization of conical spout–fluidized beds are still not sufficiently quantified from a design perspective. In this study, a three-dimensional transient numerical analysis was performed to assess the effects of cone angle, auxiliary-hole number, and auxiliary-to-total flow-rate ratio on gas–solid flow behavior in a conical spout–fluidized bed reactor. The simulations were carried out using an Eulerian–Eulerian two-fluid model coupled with the kinetic theory of granular flow and the Syamlal–O'Brien drag model. Three cone angles (50°, 60°, and 70°), three distributor configurations with 70, 140, and 210 auxiliary holes, and two auxiliary-to-total flow-rate ratios (Qf/QT≈0.15 and Qf/QT=0.43) were investigated. The hydrodynamic response was evaluated using particle velocity, voidage distribution, and two compact flow indices: the radial spout heterogeneity index (RSHI) and the axial spout regularity index (ASRI). The results show that the flow field is governed by a characteristic core–annulus structure consisting of a dilute, high-velocity spout core and a denser recirculating annulus. Increasing Qf/QT enhances auxiliary gas penetration, particle suspension, and radial expansion of the gas-penetrated region; however, it also increases RSHI and ASRI, particularly at lower cone angles, indicating stronger radial heterogeneity and axial irregularity. Increasing the cone angle from 50° to 70° reduces radial hydrodynamic heterogeneity and improves axial spout regularity, whereas the number of auxiliary holes has a secondary and configuration-dependent influence compared with the gas-flow distribution and cone angle. Overall, the findings indicate that the auxiliary-to-total flow-rate ratio primarily controls gas distribution and gas–solid momentum exchange, while the cone angle governs radial uniformity and axial spout regularity. The proposed RSHI–ASRI framework provides a design-oriented basis for comparing conical spout–fluidized bed configurations and selecting operating conditions according to the desired balance between gas–solid interaction intensity, radial uniformity, and axial spout regularity.Institution of Chemical Engineers2026Articlehttps://rdlopen.rawdatalibrary.net/r/bayburt/10970https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2026.09.0170263-8762enChemical Engineering Research and Designinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttps://bayburt-rdlopen.rawdatalibrary.net/tr/items/bayburt/10970