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Determination of Propagation Constants and Wave Impedance of Non-Reciprocal Networks From Position-Insensitive Waveguide MeasurementsHasar, Ugur C.Kaya, YunusIzginli, MucahitOzturk, HamdullahBarroso, Joaquim J.Ramahi, Omar M.Ertugrul, MehmetPosition measurementImpedanceFrequency measurementMicrowave measurementElectromagnetic waveguidesMicrowave theory and techniquesCalibrationNon-reciprocal networksposition-insensitivepropagation constanttransmission and reflection methodswave impedanceA microwave method is proposed to determine the forward and backward propagation constants (gamma ⁺ and gamma ⁻) and the wave impedance ( z_w ) of reciprocal and non-reciprocal microwave networks whose positions are not known within their measurement cells (position-insensitive). The proposed method relies purely on analytical expressions and can also evaluate the reference plane transformation distances. Scattering parameter measurements at the X-band (8.2-12.4 GHz) of a reciprocal network (a waveguide straight) and a non-reciprocal network (a microwave phase shifter) arbitrarily positioned into their measurement cells were conducted to retrieve gamma ⁺, gamma ⁻, and z_w for validation of our method and testing its position-insensitive property. The importance of the method becomes apparent when compared to conventional methods whose accuracy is based on precise determination of the reference planes.IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC2022-05Articlehttps://rdlopen.rawdatalibrary.net/r/bayburt/10793https://doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2022.31577180018-9480enIEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUESinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttps://bayburt-rdlopen.rawdatalibrary.net/tr/items/bayburt/10793